ELECTRO-MYOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CHEWING MUSCLES OF PERSONS WITH PERIODONTAL TISSUE DISEASES COMLICATED BY PARTIAL TOOTH LOSS

Abstract

Diseases of periodontal tissues complicated by defects of the tooth rows are accompanied by functional changes of the dental system, which are accompanied by disturb-ances of bioelectrical activity of chewing muscles.
The degree of functional change of chewing muscles is di-rectly related to the clinical form of parodontitis and the size and topography of the defects of the tooth rows.
The purpose of our research was to study the electromyographic characteristics of chewing muscles in persons with periodontal tissue diseases, complicated by partial loss of teeth of different size and localization.
Materials and methods. In order to achieve this goal, we have conducted clinical and electro-myographic studies of chewing muscles (m. Masseter) in 82 people between 30 and 69 years of age with periodontal tissue diseases, complicated by partial loss of teeth of different size and localization, including the control group of the same age with 10 patients with intact tooth rows and physiological forms of bite without clinically diagnosed diseases of per-iodontal tissues. Electromyographic research was carried out with the help of the computer neuroelectrical romograph M-Test, the production of the combination of the «DH-system» (Ukraine) and the computer system for the analysis of electromyographic records.
Results and discussion thereof. The results of electromyographic studies showed the prolongation of the chewing period, the reduction of the chewing rhythm, the deterioration of chewing efficiency under generalized parodontitis, compared to the norm, which increased in dynamics. The relationship between excitating and brak-ing processes deteriorated sharply with the increase of the activity time due to the shortening of the relative bioe-lectric rest period. The biopotency amplitude decreased relative to the norm, with severe dysfunctional chewing muscles in general.
Conclusions. The results of the electromyographic studies of chewing muscles make it possible to determine the de-gree of functional change in the neuromuscular apparatus of the dental system of patients with generalized parodontitis of different degrees of severity compared to the norm, indicating a decrease in chewing efficiency and progression of functional disorders, which are increasing in dynamics.