SPATIAL MATHEMATICAL SUBSTANCE OF THE FORM AND PARAMETERS OF THE OPERATIONAL WOUND AT SURGICAL EXCLAMATION OF MELANOCYTAL SKIN FORMATIONS IN CHILDREN

Abstract

Usually the lower part of melanocyte skin neoplasms is at a depth of not more than 1-2 mm, and even deeper, which is characteristic of congenital nevi, as well as for large pigmented tumors that protrude significantly above the skin surface and have a pronounced intradermal part. Options for incomplete removal of melanocyte neoplasms: the incision has insufficient depth, as a result of which part of the nevus cells remains in the lower layers of the skin; capture of healthy tissues in the horizontal plane is insufficient, as a result of which part of the nevus cells remains in the lateral edges of the wound. Incomplete removal of pigmented nevi occurs during its superficial removal with insufficient capture of healthy tissues (laser, electrocoagulation, etc.). The purpose of the study: to increase the effectiveness of surgical treatment of pigmented tumors in children. Materials and methods: the study was conducted on the basis of oncohematological department of Vinnytsia Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital, a mathematical model for calculating the parameters of operational access were conducted on the Microsoft Excel platform. Scientific novelty. The hypothesis of this assumption was to calculate the ratio of skin area, together with the pigmented tumor, in children to the area of the removed hypodermis at the level of the aponeurosis. In the implementation of this hypothesis, the data obtained in recent years on the features of anatomical structures, which are located between the dermis, deep fascia and aponeurosis, were taken into account. Conclusions. Comparative mathematical calculation according to the proposed spatial geometric model of the biopsy in the form of a truncated elliptical cone convincingly shows an increase in the useful volume of surgical material in the planned histological examination in comparison with a cylindrical elliptical configuration of the biopsy due to the involvement in the field of microscopic study of possible “residual structures” (processes) corresponding to melanocyte nevi, under the mask of which may develop the initial stages of melanoma.