THE ROLE OF THE ORAL MICROFLORA IN THE OCCURRENCE OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES (LITERATURE REVIEW)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35220/2078-8916-2024-51-1.36Keywords:
oral microflora, periodontopathogenic bacteria, biofilm, dental plaque, periodontal diseases, periodontitis.Abstract
Periodontal diseases are currently one of the most common diseases in dentistry. The most significant etiological factor causing the occurrence of periodontal diseases is the microflora of the oral cavity, namely periodontopathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, the study and research of various types of oral microorganisms and their direct influence on the development of periodontal tissue diseases remains relevant. The purpose of the research is to study, analyze and generalize the data of literary sources regarding the influence of the microflora of the oral cavity on the occurrence of periodontal tissue diseases. Materials and methods. With the help of search engines PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate, scientific articles were searched for their study and analysis. The search keywords were "periodontal diseases", "risk factors for periodontal diseases", "dental microflora", "periodontophatogenic microorganisms", "dental plaque". Scientific novelty. According to research data, that were processed and analyzed, it has been established that the microorganisms that form dental plaque exist in the form of a biofilm containing various types of microorganisms. Bacteria that directly cause periodontal diseases form complexes: red complex (P.gingivalis, T. forsythia and T. denticola), orange complex (F.nucleatum, P.intermedia, P. nigrescens, P. micros, C. rectus, C. showae, C. gracilis, E. nodatum, S. constellatus), green (C. concisus, E. corrodens, A. actinomycetemcomitans), yellow (S. mitis, S. sanguinis, S. oralis), purple (A. odontolyticus, V. parvula). Conclusions. The main etiological role in the occurrence of periodontal changes belongs to the periodontopathogenic bacteria, they are the ones that trigger the inflammatory mechanism in the periodontal tissues. The biggest role in the occurrence of destructive diseases of periodontal tissues is played by periodontal associated microorganisms, and the red complex, which is the direct cause of the formation of severe stages of periodontitis.
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