ACTIVITY OF INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS OF PATIENTS AT THE PREOPERATIVE STAGE OF TREATMENT OF GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS GRADE III-III

Abstract

The aim of the study – to study the activity of inflammatory markers in biological fluids of patients at the preoperative stage of treatment of generalized periodontitis II–III degree. Research methods. Biochemical and cytochemical studies of inflammatory markers were performed in preoperative period in patients with generalized periodontitis II-III (39 patients with grade II and 21 patients with grade III) and in 30 patients with intact periodontium (comparison group). To this end, the antioxidant, antitryptic, and trypsin-like activities of oral fluid were determined, and the levels of interleukins TNF-α, Il-1β, secretory sIgA, and lysozyme in oral fluid were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The activity of succinate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase was determined by cytochemical method. Scientific novelty. As a result of biochemical and immunological studies it was found that in patients with GP II-III degree there was an increase in antioxidant activity of oral fluid by 39.39 %, antitryptic activity by 34.60 %, p<0.05, and trypsin-like activity by 26.80 %, p<0.01, in comparison with the data of the control group, which may indicate a strain on the adaptive and compensatory mechanisms in the oral cavity of the subjects. Decrease in the content of sIgA in oral fluid by 17.95 %, p<0.05, lysozyme activity by 34.16 %, p<0.01, against the background of increased concentration of IL-1β in oral fluid by 54.32 %, p<0.01 and TNF-α by 75.05 %, p<0.05, indicating a decrease in local mechanisms of non-specific immunity of patients. We also studied a decrease in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in peripheral blood neutrophils by 20.75%, p<0.01, against the background of an increase in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase by 22.32%, p<0.05, which probably indicates pronounced processes of damage to the cells of the periodontal complex. Conclusions. Thus, biochemical studies of oral fluid showed that in patients with GP II-III degree the values of AOA, ATA and TPA increased, which can be interpreted as a compensatory reaction in the oral cavity in dystrophicinflammatory processes. The decrease in the content of sIgA in the oral fluid, lysozyme activity against the background of increased levels of IL-1β and TNF-α indicates the processes of imbalance of the local immunological status in this group of patients and can be quite sensitive markers of treatment effectiveness in patients with advanced forms of GP. The study of the cytochemical activity of neutrophils in the peripheral blood allowed us to conclude that the dystrophic-inflammatory process in periodontal tissues is accompanied by a decrease in aerobic oxidation and an increase in anaerobic glycolysis.