THE ROLE OF GENETIC FACTORS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF LICHEN PLANUS OF THE ORAL MUCOSA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35220/2078-8916-2022-45-3.6Keywords:
lichen planus, mucous membrane, oral cavity, polymorphism.Abstract
Lichen planus erythematosus of the oral mucosa (RLP OM) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a recurrent and chronic prolonged course, and affects up to 1.5% of the world's population, mainly middle-aged and elderly women. The etiology and pathogenesis of lichen planus of the oral mucosa are not fully understood; various factors can contribute to the development of the disease, including genetic predisposition, environmental factors, physiological, endocrine, psychological, infectious factors and immune disorders. Studies of the genetic determinant of this disease indicate an association of polymorphisms of certain genes with RLP OM. Currently, the most studied relationship of RLP OM with polymorphism of genes encoding tumor necrosis factors, interferon, interleukins, some enzymes, receptors, as well as genes from some other families. Psychological factors such as stress, depression, and anxiety contribute to the development of skin lesions in lichen planus. A significant increase in serotonin expression was found in skin biopsies of patients with lichen planus compared to the control group, with the intensity of expression correlated with the severity of depression/anxiety. Thus, gene polymorphism may play an important role in the predisposition to lichen planus of the oral mucosa and in the pathogenesis of this disease. At the same time, most studies can be considered preliminary, since they consider individual polymorphisms and individual genes without taking into account interactions with other genes and factors, although lichen planus is undoubtedly a multifactorial and Polygenic pathology. The study populations are most often monoethnic, the number of patient groups is small, and the research methodology is relatively simple, mainly a case-control study. Also, the functionality of the polymorphisms under study is not always investigated. In this regard, future studies should take into account the combined effect of multiple genes, conduct Multi-Region Studies, and investigate the Association of SNPs with a specific function.
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