ORAL HEALTH AND SPECIAL FEATURES OF DENTAL MORBIDITY IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY

Abstract

The current stage of development of children's dental care in the world is characterized by increased attention to the problems of providing qualified medical treatment and preventive care to children with disabilities. Currently, the most common neurological disease diagnosed in children at an early age is cerebral palsy (CP). The polysyndromic nature of this pathology determines the variety of clinical manifestations, including a high risk of dental pathology. Cortical, subcortical, stem structures of the brain are damaged with cerebral palsy. The functions of the body are disturbed: the functions of muscles, movements, food intake, etc. the influence of these symptoms on the formation of dentoalveolar anomalies is well known, as well as the combination of morphological disorders in the development of the dentoalveolar system with myofunctional disorders. The above-mentioned factors make the dentofacial complex unstable to physiological stress. For example, the formation of a motor stereotype, and the formation of speech functions in a healthy child have their patterns. If in a healthy child babble is already sufficiently formed and the respiratory function is improving, then in children with cerebral palsy during this period there are violations of the tone of the articulatory muscles, restriction of voluntary movements of the tongue and lips, oral synkinesis, difficulty in the feeding process, and reflexes of oral automatism are expressed. That is why the motor disorders in cerebral palsy affect not only the limbs and trunk but also the maxillofacial region. At the same time, in children with cerebral palsy, the formation of motor functions is delayed and impaired, and coordination of fine, differentiated movements are impaired, which proves the complexity of oral care in such children. The aim of the study. Our study is devoted to special features of the clinical manifestations of cerebral palsy in the oral cavity of children. Materials and methods. Analysis and generalization of literary data, systematization of information about the changes in the oral cavity in children with cerebral palsy. Scientific novelty. The study and systematization of the cause-and-effect relationships of the development of the main dental diseases and their dependence on the severity of neurological symptoms. This information allows to development of a complex of therapeutic and preventive measures, which will lead to an improvement in the quality of life of children with cerebral palsy. Conclusions. There is a sustainable trend toward an increase in the frequency and intensity of carious lesions and moderately pronounced inflammation in the periodontium in children with cerebral palsy. The most severe dentoalveolar pathology is most often observed in children with speech disorders. Children with cerebral palsy have an increased risk of dental disease. It is determined by the main and accompanying diseases, and therefore requires special attention from the dentist regarding the timely implementation of treatment and preventive measures, considering the course of the neurological disease.