THE ROLE OF ORAL FLUID IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES IN CHILDREN WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

Abstract

Saliva is the only biological fluid with a unique set of research possibilities, which provide for non-invasive, multiple and almost unlimited sampling of material. Unfortunately, the mechanism that regulates the maintenance of a certain composition of saliva is still unclear. The main attention of clinical specialists is attracted by new laboratory methods of saliva analysis in order to obtain various diagnostic information. In the next few years, achievements are predicted in the field of diagnosis of diseases of the maxillofacial area, taking into account the properties of saliva. Oral fluid consists of mixed saliva, that is, a mixture of secretions of three pairs of large and many small glands of the oral cavity and organic impurities. Mineral and organic components determine the properties and functions of oral fluid. Therefore, the detection of quantitative and qualitative changes in oral fluid, especially in children, allows us to determine their role in the formation of pathological processes. In addition to the fact that the composition of the oral fluid can change in the presence of systemic diseases (especially those that affect the function of the salivary glands), the possibility of simple, safe and non-invasive collection of the researched material is important. Existing scientific works confirm that diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to dysfunction of the secretory capacity of the salivary glands, which later develops into an increased susceptibility of the body to pathogens of the oral cavity. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is also known to affect the homeostasis of the oral cavity. The study of saliva according to many clinical and biochemical indicators has advantages in comparison with methods of laboratory blood diagnosis. Unlike blood, saliva is an easily accessible biological fluid, its protein composition is largely identical to blood serum, and it is physiologically related to homeostasis. Saliva collection is carried out without invasive interventions, and it can be widely used in hygienic, toxicological, and immunological studies. Moreover, some indicators of saliva are sensitive indicators of serious systemic diseases and conditions of the body. Even short-term and minor chemical and metabolic disturbances in the body, which accompany general somatic pathological conditions, can change the rheological properties of saliva. Early detection of the disease plays an important role in the success of its treatment. If the disease is diagnosed earlier, the chances of its successful treatment will increase. If the disease cannot be cured, early diagnosis will still allow better control of the course of the disease. The aim of the study was to find out the influence of oral fluid on the development of periodontal diseases in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. The analysis included generalization and systematization of literature data on this topic. Scientific novelty. Generalization and analysis of literature data according to the role of oral fluid in the development of periodontal diseases in children with diabetes mellitus. Study of cause-and-effect relationships of endocrine and dental pathology. In the future, this will allow to improve treatment and prevention measures in pediatric dentistry and will lead to an improvement in the quality of life of such patients. Conclusions. Adequate knowledge about saliva and its role in maintaining oral health is very important. Some indicators of saliva are sensitive indicators of serious systemic diseases and conditions of the body. Early detection of the disease plays an important role in the success of its treatment.