ORAL MICROBIOTA. PATTERNS OF FORMATION AND PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35220/2078-8916-2024-51-1.40Keywords:
microbiota of the oral cavity, biofilms, prevention.Abstract
The oral microbiota, which includes hundreds of species of microorganisms, is found in various structures of the oral cavity, such as saliva, mucous membrane, tongue surface, and teeth, and has a significant impact on physiological processes. The process of microbiota succession, in particular the formation of biofilm in the oral cavity, is an important aspect determined by the dynamics of the composition of microorganisms, especially on hard surfaces, which can vary depending on the type of structure. Given the relationship between the oral microbiota and overall somatic health, it is important to further study this topic to understand its impact on the development of various diseases, including atherosclerosis and systemic inflammatory processes. Purpose of the study. Assessment of the patterns of formation of oral microbiota and its relationship with dental and somatic pathology. Materials and methods. To conduct the research, a search for scientific publications was conducted using electronic databases using key phrases. Most of the publications included in the study were dated within the last 10 years, but some publications with more recent dates were also considered. Relevance was assessed based on the title, summary and full text of the publications to exclude those that were not relevant to the research topic or were not available. Research results. Our research has shown that the use of molecular biology methods can identify components of the microbiota that cannot be cultivated. However, these methods do not always allow us to distinguish living microorganisms from dead ones. Quite often, a sensitive ecosystem is out of balance, either due to overload or a weak immune system, which leads to dysbiosis and the emergence of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, the optimal strategy and gold standard for preventing caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis is the mechanical removal of these biofilms from teeth, tongue, restorations, or dentures by regular brushing of teeth, interdental spaces, and professional hygiene on a regular basis. A person should develop these habits from childhood. Conclusions. The formation of the oral microbiota is associated with the development of biofilms and depends on age, the presence of concomitant pathology, existing orthodontic devices, orthopedic structures, implants, and the level of hygiene. Preventive measures aimed at the mechanical removal of biofilms from the surfaces of the teeth and tongue, as well as the surfaces of restorations or dentures, are the most effective.
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