DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN MARKERS OF SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION AND ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE IN THE BRAIN IN GUNSHOT WOUNDS OF THE UPPER JAW IN THE EXPERIMENT (IN RATS)

Abstract

When even the soft tissues of the head are injured, concussion and brain contusion can occur due to the transfer of kinetic energy by a damaging projectile. Gunshot lesions of the upper jaw are directly related to the state of the brain. With combined traumatic brain injuries, a characteristic syndrome of mutual burden occurs, for which, with a variety of diverse pathogenetic mechanisms, the central links are a violation of the regulatory function of the central nervous system, hypoxemia, and endotoxicosis of various origins. Purpose of the work. Detection of changes in the indicators of markers of systemic inflammation and antioxidant protection in the brain in gunshot wounds of the upper jaw in the experiment. Materials and methods of research. The study was conducted on White Rats of The Wistar line (males, 7 months, weight 400 - 450 g), which were divided into groups: intact – control group; a group of animals with a non-hypnotic simulated fracture of the upper jaw on the left; a group of animals with a simulated gunshot wound to the upper jaw on the left (“experimental model of gunshot injuries to the jaws in rats” copyright No. 119858). The duration of the experiment was 28 days. Measurements of indicators in the experimental groups were carried out in 4 stages of 5 animals from the group: after 7 days of the experiment; after 14 days; after 21 days; after 28 days. The level of biochemical markers of inflammation was determined in tissue homogenates: elastase activity and Malone dialaldehyde content, as well as urease activity( an indicator of microbial contamination), catalase activity (an antioxidant enzyme), alkaline and acid phosphatase activity. Research results. The activity of elastase (a marker of inflammation), alkaline phosphatase, catalase, and Malone dialaldehyde was determined in the brains of experimental animals. Biochemical analysis of brain tissue in the “fracture” group after 7 and 14 days of the experiment revealed a significant increase in the activity of acid phosphatase by 1.5 (p<0.01) and 1.4 times (p<0.01) and elastase – by 2.0 (p<0.001) and 1.4 times (p 0.001), respectively, which indicates the presence of inflammatory processes. Conclusions. A gunshot wound to the upper jaw causes more pronounced inflammation (elastase activity), increased membrane permeability (acid phosphatase activity), intensification of lipid peroxidation (Malone dialaldehyde content), oxidative stress (catalase activity) and intoxication (urease activity) in the animal brain than a neognepal fracture of the upper jaw. Special attention is drawn to catalase in the brain of rats after gunshot lesions: first a compensatory increase in the activity of this antioxidant enzyme, and then a significant decrease, which indicates the depletion of antioxidant protection, even at the last follow – up period.