CURRENT DATA ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Abstract

The problem of treating patients with chronic destructive periodontitis for a long time remains relevant due to its 

high prevalence, difficulty in diagnosis and sometimes the lack of long-term positive results of treatment. According to scientific research, periodontal diseases are the third most common cause of visits to the dentist after caries and pulpitis. 52 % of the adult population in the world have at least one tooth with apical periodontitis. Untreated teeth with apical periodontitis can lead to osteomyelitis of the jaw and a systemic disease associated with mortality, and in more than 50 % of patients over the age of 40, the inflammatory process in the periodontium becomes the main reason for tooth extraction, and, as a result, a decrease in the quality of life of patients. The greatest potential danger to the human body is posed by destructive forms of chronic apical periodontitis, since prolonged inflammation of periodontal tissues is the most common cause of tooth loss and the formation of foci of odontogenic infection, which can lead to the occurrence of inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region. The share of this form of the disease is 9-21 % of the total number of patients with chronic apical periodontitis. Considering the high prevalence and increasing incidence of chronic apical periodontitis, the complexity of effective treatment, its low effectiveness, high risk of complications and relapses of the disease, the problem of increasing the effectiveness of treatment of this disease remains relevant. The aim of the study is to analyze scientific publications on the study of the prevalence of chronic apical periodontitis of teeth in patients of different ages. Materials and methods. An analysis of publications in the Web of Science, SpringerOpen, Structure (NCBI), HINARI, PudMed, Scopus, Google scholar databases was conducted using a combination of keywords: «periodontitis», «apical periodontitis», «destructive forms of apical periodontitis», «prevalence of chronic periodontitis», «apical periodontitis», «periapical inflammation», «periapical pathology». Search criteria by year – 2010-2024. Relevant additional literature was included after a manual search in the literature lists of the included articles. Journals and other sources devoted to clinical dentistry, endodontics, therapeutic dentistry, abstracts and dissertations were manually studied in order to find relevant publications. The significant prevalence of chronic periodontitis and the high need of the population for endodontic treatment justify the continuous search for effective methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of AP, which would, on the one hand, be aimed at maximum preservation of the tooth, and on the other hand – to radically eliminate the focus of infection. In view of this, improving the quality of endodontic treatment of periodontitis is a pressing problem of therapeutic dentistry.