ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF THE PARODONTAL TISSUES OF THE TEETH INTERMEDIATE WITH THE FINAL DEFECT OF THE DENTISH WHEN THEY ARE REPLACED BY DIFFERENT CONSTRUCTIONS

Abstract

Today, the replacement of the terminal defect of the dentition is possible with the use of removable partial denture and dental implants. This issue is especially relevant in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis who have resorption of the alveolar process of the upper and lower jaw. One of the conditions for achieving remission and stabilization of the filling-dystrophic process in the periodontal tissues is an even distribution of the load during chewing. The purpose of the study is to assess the condition of the periodontal tissues of the teeth bordering the terminal defect of the dentition when the defects are replaced with various structures in the early term of observation (two years). Research methods. In order to achieve this goal, we replaced the final defects of the dentition with the help of removable partial denture with clasp fixation (1st group) and Alpha dent active bio dental implants (2nd group). In each group there were 15 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis of the 1st degree of severity. The use of clasps in bite prostheses made it possible to reduce their negative impact on the periodontal tissues of the supporting teeth due to the redistribution of the chewing load. Alpha dent active bio dental implants had a triangular shape of the implant body at the level of the transition of cortical bone to cancellous bone, due to which the necessary primary stabilization and good antirotation effect of the implant was achieved. Prosthetics on dental implants were carried out according to a twostage method. All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical examination using both generally accepted dental methods and filling out a periodontogram using the "Pa-on Parometer" periodontometer, the "Periotest M" periotester to determine the degree of tooth mobility and x-ray research methods. The initial values of the loss of epithelial attachment in both groups were within 3.5 mm, the periotestometry values of the teeth bordering the terminal defect of the dentition ranged from +8 to +19, resorption of the alveolar process up to 1/3 of the length of the tooth root. All patients underwent a course of treatment, after which they were under the dispensary supervision of a dentist. The assessment of the local status and condition of the teeth bordering the defect was carried out 6, 12 and 14 months after the end of prosthetics. The degree of resorption of bone tissues around the teeth, their mobility and loss of epithelial attachment were determined. All research results were processed using the methods of variational statistics for small samples. Conclusions. The results of the conducted study indicate the feasibility of restoring the final defects of the dentition in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis of the 1st degree with the help of dental implants Alpha dent active bio. This method leads to a decrease in the chewing load on the supporting tissues of the teeth, especially those bordering on the tooth row defect. This creates conditions for achieving remission and stabilization in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis and improves the lives of the latter.