EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF BLOOD SERUM PARAMETERS IN RATS WITH D-HYPOVITAMINOSIS AND ALLOXAN DIABETES MELLITUS

Abstract

Purpose of the study. Both diabetes mellitus (DM) andvitamin D deficiency are prevalent metabolic disorders thatdisturb calcium-phosphate homeostasis and accelerate oral-tissue destruction. To evaluate experimentally theinfluence of vitamin D₃ on serum biochemical markers in rats subjected to dietary vitamin D deficiency andalloxan-induced diabetes. Research methods. Fiftymale Wistar rats (70 ± 5 g) were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10): intact; D-deficiency; D-deficiency + D₃; alloxan DM; DM + D₃. Hypovitaminosis was induced for 60 days; DM by a single tail-vein injection of alloxan (40 mg/kg). Groups 3 and 5 received oral cholecalciferol (80 IU/day; 30 days). Serum Ca²⁺, inorganic phosphate, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ were measured; statistics by Student’s t-test (p < 0,01).Scientific novelty. D-deficiency increased ALP 1,56-fold and decreased Ca²⁺ and Pi by 24 and 26% respectively; 25(OH)D₃ dropped 5,4-fold. D₃ supplementation nearly normalized parameters (Ca²⁺ – +41%, Pi – +29%, ALP – 33%) and restored 25(OH)D₃ to 0,89 of control. Alloxan DM caused more profound shifts: ALP ↑ 4,6-fold, Ca²⁺ ↓ 43%, Pi ↓ 35%, 25(OH)D₃ ↓ 7-fold. D₃ improved butdid not fully correct these disturbances (ALP still 2,7-fold of normal, Ca²⁺ – 25%). Conclusions. Isolated vitamin D deficiency elicits marked hypocalcaemia, hypophosphataemia and ALP hyperactivity; 80 IU/daycholecalciferol re-establishes mineral balance within30 days; Alloxan DM amplifies mineral derangements and vitamin D depletion; Vitamin D₃ supplementationunder DM improves indices yet may require higher dosesor longer treatment; Findings support vitamin D statuscorrection in dental practice, especially for Ukrainian DM patients.