RESULTS OF CLINICAL AND FUNCTIONAL STUDY OF PATIENTS WITH PARTIAL DENTITION DEFECTS COMPLICATED BY DEFORMITIES REQUIRING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT AT THE STAGE OF PREPARATION FOR DENTAL PROSTHETICS

Abstract

Purpose of the study. To conduct a clinical and functional study of patients with partial defects of dentitions, complicated by deformities, requiring orthodontic treatment at the stage of preparation for dental prosthetics. Research methods. The observation included 300 patients aged 28 to 57 years who needed preliminary orthodontic treatment due to deformations of dentitions, which arose as a result of their defects. Among the examined contingent of patients, women predominated (65.3 %). The majority (70.3 %) were young people aged under 45 according to WHO. The research consisted of a traditional dental examination, study of diagnostic models of jaws in the articulator, determination of the type of bite using the technique of teleroentgenography in the lateral projection with further analysis according to McLaughlin; orthopantomography, computer tomography and occlusion. Scientific novelty. It was established that small (43.0 %) and medium (46.0 %) dentition defects prevailed among this contingent of patients. 13.0 % of patients had defects of dentitions of class I according to Kennedy, 21.3 % – class II, 37.7 % – class III, 28.0 % – class IV. 16.3 % of the patients were diagnosed with the I group of deformations of the occlusal surface of the dentitions (vertical teeth displacement); in 36.7% – the II group (medial and distal teeth displacement); 14.0 % – the III group (vestibular and oral teeth displacement); in 0.7 % – the IV group (rotation around the longitudinal axis of the tooth); in 32.3 % – the V group (combined teeth displacement). In 36.0 % of cases, the first form of vertical dental and alveolar displacement with hypertrophy of alveolar process was diagnosed, while the remaining 64.0 % of patients had the second form with lengthening of clinical crowns of teeth. According to orthopantomography and computer tomography, destructive phenomena in the periodontal tissues were set in 36.3 % of the subjects. According to the results of computer diagnostics, occlusal disorders of varying severity were found in 100% of cases. Conclusions. Among patients with partial defects and secondary deformations of dentitions, who need orthodontic treatment before the beginning of dental prosthetics, young people with small and medium defects of dentitions are predominate. Besides, these patients have inflammatory and destructive phenomena in the periodontal tissues, which require additional diagnostics and they are likely to complicate further orthodontic treatment. At the same time, the presence of occlusal disorders in all experimental patients implies control of occlusion in dynamics at all stages of orthodontic treatment.