PREVALENCE OF DEFECTS OF DENTURES IN PATIENTS AND THE NEED FOR THE USE OF PARTIAL REMOVABLE DENTURES

Abstract

The aim of the study. To study the prevalence of dentition defects and the need for the use of various types of partial removable prostheses, especially elastic removable prostheses, by clinical examination of patients. Research materials and methods. An examination of 220 patients aged from 20 to 60 years and older was carried out, in which the prevalence of dental defects and the need for partial removable prostheses were studied.Clinical examination of patients, assessment of the condition of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and dental rows, and the condition of the periodontium of the supporting teeth were carried out. Distribution of patients by age – 18-29, 30-44, 45-60, over 60 years old. In patients with partial removable prostheses, the degree of fixation of partial removable prostheses, the state of the periodontium of the supporting teeth, the state of oral hygiene, and the degree of bleeding gums were studied. The Kennedy classification was used to diagnose patients with dentition defects, and the classification according to Danylevsky M.F. was used to diagnose periodontal diseases. During the objective examination, special attention was paid to the condition of the abutment teeth, in particular the position, shape, color, condition of hard tissues, stability, position relative to the occlusal the surfaces of the dentition, the presence of fillings and their condition. The condition of the alveolar process, the relief of the alveolar process, the flexibility of the mucous membrane and buccal folds, and the presence of bony protrusions were assessed. When examining patients, they used the developed digital "Examination Map" in the form of Google forms, in which the main parameters and indicators are specified. Scientific novelty. During the examination of 220 patients, attention was paid to the localization, size and distribution of dental defects. In particular, we established that the prevalence of dentition defects in the examined patients had the following distribution: class 1 according to Kennedy was found in 68 patients, class 2 in 56, and class 3 in 96. In Kennedy class 3 patients, small dentition defects (up to 1 tooth) were found in 25 patients, absence of 2-3 teeth in 46, and loss of 4-5 or more teeth in 25 patients. All examined patients can use partial removable prostheses, in particular, elastic removable prostheses. With class 1 according to Kennedy, defects of tooth rows were detected in 30 patients on the upper jaw, on the lower jaw – in 38. We found that with class 1 according to Kennedy, the distribution by groups of teeth was as follows: premolars and molars limited the defect in – 27 patients, only frontal teeth – in 24, and a small number of teeth was detected – in 17 patients. With class 2 according to Kennedy, defects of tooth rows on the upper jaw were detected in 24 patients, on the lower jaw – in 32. It should be noted that with class 2 according to Kennedy, the distribution by groups of teeth was as follows: premolars limited the defect in – 18 patients, canines – in 22, and only frontal teeth in 16 patients. With Kennedy class 3, defects of tooth rows were detected in 51 patients on the upper jaw, and on the lower jaw in 45. With Kennedy class 3, the distribution by tooth groups was as follows: premolars limited the defect in 33 patients, molars in 21, canines – in 29, and frontal teeth (incisors) – in 13 patients. This distribution of patients with dentition defects indicates the possibility and indications for the use of partial removable prostheses of various types. It should be noted that elastic dentures were often used by young patients up to 35 years of age in the absence of lateral teeth (single molars or premolars). Also, we found that 59 % of elastic removable partial prostheses are used by women and 41 % by men. During the survey, the patients did not know what plastic the elastic prostheses are made of, and the care and hygiene features of such prostheses, however, they indicated that they quickly adapted to these structures, especially if there were a sufficient number of supporting teeth. Conclusions. In the examined patients with defects of the dentition, included defects in the lateral areas of Kennedy class 3 with the absence of 2-3 teeth predominate. A feature of the clinic at patients with Kennedy class 1 are limited to dentition defects by premolars and molars, and the presence of patients with a small number of teeth in the jaws. Elastic partial removable prostheses are used both in young patients and in older patients if there is a sufficient number of supporting teeth.